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The Gazette ... Issue: 209 (02-13-2004)



Changing the Internet, One Thing at a Time

Johnny's Ramblings
First, a quick apology for being so late with this issue of The Gazette. I don't have an excuse ... I've just been really swamped with a lot of "behind the scenes" programming at JimWorld, and doing a lot of rewrites on our software documentation. Looks like I'm pretty well out of the woods now, so we should be getting back to a regular schedule again.

I'd like to thank everyone for taking part in our survey last month. We learned a lot about what you expect from The Gazette, and as I expected, some of the opinions on where this publication needs to go are split right down the middle. Half of you want a Gazette every week, the other half would rather wait for a "Meaty Issue" even if it takes 45 days to put together one time or 10 days the next time. Similarly, about half of you want the Gazette to be nothing but reports on Search Engine News, Scammer Expose's, and other "information," while the other half of you want more tutorials and how-to's than anything else. What this tells me is that the current format of the Gazette makes half of you happy, half the time, and the other half you happy the other half of the time. (In other words, it's pretty good as is.) That said, I'm never happy with the status quo (just ask the Staffers here...) so I'm vacillating with the notion of having two (maybe three Gazettes) that are more targeted: One for reporting on news, scumbags, etc., one for tutorials, coding examples, and 100% "how-to's", and maybe another one that's more of a ranting, opinionated editorial type of thing. For the next couple of issues, we'll keep things as they are. Then we'll begin the works on a split, do a couple of sample issues that way, and see how you like it. The Gazette is as much yours as it is mine, so I'm going to be looking for a lot of feedback as we move forward with it. Maintaining two or three Gazettes might be a lot of extra work, but at the end of the day, we want everyone to get what they want -- even if that means you only subscribe to one or the other.

And now... for a few random ramblings...

Why is Google getting itself all worked up into a tizzy over "booble.com"? You have to admit that it's funny, and so what if they make a few bucks on it. The ironic thing about it is that in an effort to "save their brand," Google has put itself in a position to have to basically make the case that they want the porn/adult business all to themselves. That's got to make potential investors real happy ;)

If I get one more email from someone that claims to be eBay or PayPal that tells me my account is going to expire so I have to email them my bank account number right away, I'm going to jump through my monitor. Do people really fall for this scam?

Free SEO Tip of the Week.... I get tons of email and PM's from people asking me what SEO keyword stuffing software works best and wondering why they have "my search phrase" on their page 300 times, yet no search engine puts them in the top 10. Wake up, folks, SEO isn't rocket science. Start by describing your products and/or services in actual, readable text that humans with an 8th grade reading level can understand, and use your keyword phrases in your descriptions to describe them. Consider this phrase in black text on a white background: "XYZ Product, the premier office cleaning solution, at $9.99 per bottle, will make cleaning your office much easier due to it's concentrated power. Being concentrated, XYZ Office cleaning solution makes great financial sense as well, because a little goes such a long way." That's easy to read for the user, has the keywords and phrases in it for the search engines, and isn't as spammy as saying "office cleaning solution product XYZ is the best office cleaning solution you can buy to clean your office. Other office cleaning solutions cannot clean your office as well as our office cleaning solution, so when you consider buying an office cleaning solution, product XYZ is the only office cleaning solution you should be thinking about. It's a concentrated office cleaning solution that will clean your office easily." Do you really want that to be what people see when they hit your site? Oh, that's right, you can just make that text white on the white backgound, and then they'll just see the picture of the bottle. Yeah ... THAT makes sense :)


In the Crosshairs
I'm putting the finishing touches on a few things that will change the world (well, my world anyway...). This week, I'll introduce them to you in brief, and then as we move forward, we can delve more deeply into them in the forums. For now, just get your brain cells activated, and start mulling over these ideas...

One of the more shocking things we saw from our survey was that only 48% of you track the Return On Investment (ROI) of your marketing and advertising campaigns. Furthermore, only about 35% of you that do, do so with some sort of tracking software or service. The rest are relying on Web server log files to see which of your campaigns are sending you traffic. Based on only that, there's no way that you can tell who's sending business as well as traffic. So, we're preparing to launch the VirtualPromote ROI Tracking service next month. Currently in beta testing, the ROI Tracker will allow you to figure out how much traffic your various marketing endeavors are sending you, what the traffic they send you does (Are they just coming and going? Are they getting to your contact page? Are they actually reading your material?), and whether that traffic is spending money on your site. Every JimWorld member will be able to use this service free, to track one marketing campaign. If you want to track more, you'll need to upgrade your memberhip to "Premium" status. For now, we don't want you to do that. Just get into the ROI Tracker system (use your normal JimWorld.com login and password) to set up your campaign, and start tracking. We'll be taking feedback in the forums on how to improve the system, and hopefully, we'll help you see which marketing efforts of yours are paying for themselves and which ones are wasting your money. Visit http://www.jimworld.com/roi/ for more information on the service and to get things set up.

Pay Per Click Search Engines are nearly as common today as celebrity fan sites. As with most businesses, they fall into a few basic categories... the Giants, the ones who wish they were Giants, and the ones who can't get out of their own way. The PPC model is simple: let Web site owners choose their keywords and their position for those keywords (for a fee), and let the visitors see the "cream of the crop" when they search. Win-Win, right ? In theory, yes, but with the oversaturation of this market, the quality and targeting of the search traffic has dwindled to a point where a large percentage of people are either afraid to use PPC or are unwilling to test the waters. We aim to change that perception, and redefine PPC with the OpenPPC Project. This initiative aims to drill down the quality issues by creating thousands of smaller, industry focused (niche) PPC search engines out of a single system. The initiative takes the business plan of the PPC world (auction-style keyword selection) and the lessons learned from DMOZ ("expert" category editors), and aims to give everyone what they want, in a way that was previously unavailable. Our editors will be, unlike at DMOZ, motivated and active (because they'll be paid for their efforts, based on their efforts). Our advertisers will receive extremely targeted traffic, because all leads will be double qualified (searching on a specific search phrase, from an industry-specific search portal), and the Internet as a whole will be a better place. That's the goal, anyway. Check out http://www.openppc.net for more details on how the system works. We're taking applications for Category Operator positions for the next few weeks, in preparation for an April 2 launch date. You'll notice a new forum at JimWorld.com devoted solely to OpenPPC. Feel free to pop-in and ask questions. http://www.jimworld.com/apps/webmaster.forums/action::topiclist/forum::openppc/

Are you sick of "Search as Usual?" Me too. Every search engine is the same, just with a different face, and slightly different results. Yes, there have been some nifty innovations here and there (The Eurekster Engine comes to mind: http://www.eurekster.com/), but by and large, it's the same old, same old. There are a gazillion pages of information on the Internet, a gazillion searchers trying to find needles in the haystack, and a gazillion Webmasters wondering what they have to do to get their needle to prick more people. Well, I don't have the solution, but I do have an idea, and maybe as a group we can answer a lot of questions and maybe even do something really special. Let's, as a group, build The Ultimate Search Engine. Before we start, we have to think about what that means. What would the ultimate search engine be like? Well, for starters, it would have a good name. One that, unlike Eurekster, you can actually spell. Well, how about ultimatesearchengine.com? Works for me, and I already own the name. Secondly, it should aim to make the site submission and ranking process one that is easy to understand, is clear and unwavering as to how it works, and is one that SEOs and the general Webmaster can understand and get their brains wrapped around. From the searcher's point of view, it's got to be easier to find things. Specifically, if I'm in the middle of working on a new Web design, and I forgot the syntax for an obscure DHTML command, I should be able to search for "GetElementByID" and get back a set of code samples and tutorials, and not 1,000 pages that use that function in their own scripting. In short, it's got to have some intelligence, some way of learning the searcher, and some way for the searcher to tell the engine more specifically what they want (without being arcane), so that they don't waste a bunch of time searching, and searching, and then searching again. Finally, it's got to have a business plan so that it can sustain itself. I have a decent framework of ideas on how to accomplish all of these goals (or at least begin to address them) as well as how to stick by my secondary goal set which is to make the system open source, use open source systems to develop it, and to open the development to all of you experts and observers here at JimWorld. Stay tuned for a new forum at JimWorld dedicated to the beginnings of this project, to gather your ideas, insights, and expertise, and to get some coding volunteers to make this a reality (and to scare the pants off the other engines someday). In the meantime, start dreaming and putting together your Ultimate Search Engine Wish List.


A Word from Our Sponsor
Ross Whittaker from eBizBrokers.com has agreed to write a series of articles on how to sell your Internet or technology company (or any business for that matter). Whether you want to sell your company today, tomorrow, or in the future – you will certainly find some useful tips on maximizing your valuation and minimizing any wasted time. The articles will focus on outlining suggestions and strategies, as well as pitfalls to avoid while selling your business. Stay tuned for the following:

Article 1 – You Decided to Sell Your Business – But at What Price?

Article 2 – Preparing your Business and Information for the Sale

Article 3 – Tips: Do’s and Don’ts for the Seller

Article 4 – Success: The Closing Process & Transition

Comments (10)



Coders Corner
Hashes to Hashes, Dust to Dust: Migrating from Perl to PHP

I've been a PERL hack for years and years, and I'm slowly making the transition to PHP... for varioius reasons. PHP, as you might know, was developed by a former PERL hack who liked PERL, but wanted a more Web-friendly language. The similarities in the two languages are evident, with much of the same functinality achieved in slightly different ways. In some cases, PHP nearly mirrors PERL, but in other cases, as with the way it deals with "Associative Arrays" (hashes to you PERL geeks), there are some things that take a little bit of adjustment. Let's look, this week, at defining and sorting hashes in both languages.

We're going to create a simple in-memory database using hashes, sort it by any field we want, and print it out.

First, using PERL...

First, define an empty array. What we're going to do is have an array, where each element in the array is a hash, which contains named fields for our database as well as their corresponding values.
my @database = ();
Now, "push" the records into the array. Effectively, think of an array as the inbox on your desk, and each record as a piece of paper with information on it. In this example, on that paper, we have people's names and phone numbers, and we're pushing each of them on top of the last piece of paper in the box.
push @database, { firstname=>"John", lastname=>"Cokos", phone=>"800-555-1212" };
push @database, { firstname=>"Fred", lastname=>"Smith", phone=>"866-555-1212" };
push @database, { firstname=>"Suzie", lastname=>"Queue", phone=>"888-555-1212" };
push @database, { firstname=>"James", lastname=>"Peach", phone=>"877-555-1212" };
At this point, we have an "array of hashes," or in English, four sheets of paper, each with information about a person, on top of each other in a pile on your desk. What we want to do now is sort them by last name and print them out. In PERL, the way that this works is that you iterate through the array (go through your papers one by one) over an over again comparing the last names to get the papers in alphabetical order. Using the PERL "sort" subfunction within the "foreach" accomplishes this quite nicely in one line:
foreach my $record ( sort { $a->{lastname} cmp $b->{lastname} } @database) {
    print "Name: $record->{firstname} $record->{lastname} -- $record->{phone}\n";
}
This loop assigns a variable ($record) to each element in the array. PERL knows that each record has some field names (firstname, lastname, phone) and data that matches. The "cmp" within the sort tells PERL to sort the information alphabetically. The order of things in the sort block ($a ... $b) tells it to sort top-down (A-Z). If we reversed that and said ($b ... $a), it would sort them in reverse (Z-A). Along with the sort order, we told the sort function to sort on the "lastname" field of each record. That line effectively says "Sort the elements in the array alphabetically from Ato Z, on the lastname field in the database."

Now, in PHP, the thought process is essentially the same, but getting there is slightly different:

As with PERL, we start by defining an empty array to hold everything.
$database = array();
Also like PERL, we're going to "push" our data into that array. Notice that with PERL, you were able to just list the fields/data in a simple list. With PHP, you need to tell the push command that you're pushing an array, and then list the array elements (the fieldname/data assignments) as a separate unnamed array:
array_push ( $database, array( "firstname"=>"John", "lastname"=>"Cokos", "phone"=>"800-555-1212" ) );
array_push ( $database, array( "firstname"=>"Fred", "lastname"=>"Smith", "phone"=>"866-555-1212" ) );
array_push ( $database, array( "firstname"=>"Suzie", "lastname"=>"Queue", "phone"=>"888-555-1212" ) );
array_push ( $database, array( "firstname"=>"James", "lastname"=>"Peach", "phone"=>"877-555-1212" ) );
In PHP, there's no differentiation between a "hash" (record) and an array. They're basically the same thing. If you supply a fieldname, PHP turns it into an associative array (hash) for you. This is nice and simple, in that unlike PERL, you don't have to worry about using "% or @" symbols to define the variable type, and you don't have to switch between [] and {} to get to the elements. However, PHP doesn't provide a natively inline sort utility as does PERL, so getting the data within this array sorted isn't quite a one-liner as it was in PERL.

Instead, we have to run our $database through a home grown sorting function, called "aasort". This function, when passed an array name, and a field name, will sort the array, on that field, in the order specified ("+" for A-Z and "-" for Z-A). aasort() also allows for you to specify multiple fields to sort, for example .... "+lastname,-firstname" would sort lastnames A-Z and within them, firstnames from Z-A.

Here's how you call "aasort()" for use in our example:

aasort($database, "-lastname");
Once it returns the sorted data, running through it and printing it basically mirrors the PERL version...
foreach ( $database as $record ) { 
   print "Name: " . $record['firstname'] .  " " . $record['lastname'] . "--" .  $record['phone'] . "\n";
}
Here's the "aasort()" function for your reference and use. It's logic is explained using comments throughout.
function aasort(&$array, $howto) {

  // Get out if we didn't get an array sent to us
  if ( ! is_array($array) ) { return; }
      
  $sort_rule = '';

  // Create an array of sorting rules, based on the "howto" portion of
  // how we were called.  These options would be separated by ","
  $args = explode(",", $howto);
    
  // For each rule that we were sent, sort the array based on that field name
  foreach($args as $arg) {

      // What field name are we sorting on ?
      $order_field = substr($arg, 1, strlen($arg));
 
      // Go through each record of the array, creating a new array as we go
      foreach($array as $array_row) {
          $sort_array["$order_field"][] = $array_row[$order_field];
      }

      // Sort this built-on-the-fly array either A-Z or Z-A, based on how we were called
      $sort_rule .= '$sort_array["'.$order_field.'"], '.($arg[0] == "+" ? SORT_ASC : SORT_DESC).',';
  }
  
  // Now we have a really complicated rule to send to PHP's array_multisort() function to get
  // it all in the right order.
  eval ("array_multisort($sort_rule".' &$array);');
  reset(&$array);
  
  // Note that we sent in the original array by reference, so there's no
  // need to return anything.
}


Scumbag of the Week
Having problems surfing the Internet? Being redirected to smartsearch.ws or another site? Is your computer massively slowing down? These symptoms characterize a growing list of problems with the latest scumware program to hit the Internet these days, and you could be next.

Although its meager beginnings demonstrated that this particular little program was nothing more than a nuisance and a fake stylesheet, it has evolved to become a powerhouse of annoyances with a growing list of complaints. This particular company moves faster than any previous scumware company we've seen, and it attempts to release a new 'strain' by the rate of almost one a week. A particularly virulent strain redirects users to the 'smartsearch.ws' homepage and to date, there are over 30 known variants of the CWS (CoolWebSearch) program. (Note: On Feb. 1 the smartsearch.ws domain name was shut down as an affiliate of CoolWebSearch. That particular domain will now show up as a blank page -- making it difficult to figure out what you've been scummed with. Although the URL remains in the address bar, the entire page is blank. Most people will probably guess they've just hit a site in development or something.)

So what exactly is it an why are we calling it a 'crossbred' scumware/trojan? CoolWebSearch is at times difficult to identify because it duplicates the symptoms you would normally expect from a scumware program. It hijacks your browser, redirects you to other sites, changes your start page and even issues pop-ups with 'enhanced results.' These are just a few symptoms in its growing repertoire. In fact, many of the symptoms you will experience are both confusing and frustrating, because although they duplicate what we have come to associate with scumware programs, popular removal tools such as AdAware and SpyBot simply won't find anything. As a matter of fact, there is a variant of the program that actually closes any scumware or spyware removal utilities before they even load, which is definitely playing dirty.

The other aspect is the trojan part, which exploits a security flaw in the Byte Code Verifier of the Microsoft Virtual Machine. We don't need to cover the technical aspects of what that means, but a good definition of a trojan was provided by Search Security (http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci213221,00.html) who wrote that, "In computers, a Trojan horse is a program in which malicious or harmful code is contained inside apparently harmless programming or data in such a way that it can get control and do its chosen form of damage, such as ruining the file allocation table on your hard disk."

Currently, it is suspected that this program exploits this security flaw in the Microsoft Virtual Machine to distribute itself through pop-up ads shown on your PC. So if you can't find it, and can't check it, how on earth do you know you have it? That question is a little more difficult to answer because there are so many new strains all of the time. The symptoms seem to change to reflect the latest 'attack' method to hit the most computers. I can however, give you a current list of symptoms for the 30 something variants that already exist today:

Problems in Internet Explorer:
  • Massive IE slowdown
  • Illegible URLs, IE options
  • Redirections when mistyping URLs
  • Start page and search page changed on reboot
  • Start page/search pages changed to activexupdate.com in the IE Trusted Zone
  • Popups with 'enhanced results' when doing searches on Google, Yahoo, and Altavista
  • Redirections to any one of the affiliate sites on virtually anything done in IE
  • Start page and Search pages changed to any of the affiliate sites
  • 'Customize Search Assistant' closing after opening it
  • Slow scrolling in IE
  • Homepage changed to 'http:///'
  • Redirections to runsearch when mistyping URLs, *.masspass.com in the Trusted Zone
  • IE pages being hijacked to ie-search.com
  • Lots and lots of bookmarks added to IE Favorites
  • BHO added to IE named 'winshow.dll' BHO with filename 'BrowserHelper.dll'
Problems with Adult Content:
  • Redirections to adult sites, dialers, etc.
  • Porn sites being redirected to 216.200.3.32 (alfa-search.com)
  • Porn bookmarks added to Favorites (some possibly child porn)
  • Porn sites appearing in IE autocomplete
  • Redirects mistyped URLs to a porn site
  • Targets of hyperlinks on Web sites changed to porn sites
Problems with Windows:
  • Reloading of the hijack on some reboots
  • Hijack reappearing when rebooting
  • Possible errors about a missing file 'msinfo.exe'
  • info32.exe errors
  • Error message about a 'runtime error' at startup
  • DOS window flashing by at system startup
  • Bogus error message about msconfd.dll at startup
  • Anti-spyware programs closing without reason only a few seconds after opening them
  • Errors in a file 'iedll.exe' or 'loader.exe' on Windows startup
Although by no means a comprehensive list, especially considering its rapid rate of evolution, you can begin to get an idea of the expansive list of problems associated with the trojan. Probably one of the most difficult aspects of this particular program is that it can be very difficult to identify.

Coupled with the problems listed above, the CWS variants have been known to violate privacy and security in their quest to hijack your PC. The trojan can, and will, hide itself from a user, stay resident in the background, show advertisements, make changes to browser settings, and connect to the Internet by itself to self-update. In the process, it may collect information about your PC, track information with cookies, and/or transfer personally identifiable information. It is also capable of installing software and services on your computer. Essentially, its capabilities are only limited by the creativity of its programmers, who haven't yet run out of ways to use the code.

Considering the information above, detection and removal can be both difficult and tricky, but there are a number of solutions to solve the problem you may be experiencing or may experience in the future. To begin with, the number one method of prevention is to keep your copy of Microsoft Windows up to date with the latest security fixes. If you haven't yet done that, I suggest you visit the Microsoft site to download the latest patches: http://v4.windowsupdate.microsoft.com/. Next, on your list of places to visit is a great site provided to us by a student in the Netherlands, Merijn Bellekom, who has spent literally weeks tracking and coding a program to remove the latest CWS variants. For all of the latest information, check out his site at http://www.merijn.org and visit the downloads section to get your copy of CoolWebShredder which will remove all of the CWS variants to date. A couple of caveats:

If you are unable to visit his site, the direct download link for the program is http://216.180.233.153/~merijn/files/CWShredder.exe (This problem is caused by a CWS variant known as either CWS.Aff.Tooncomics or CWS.Dreplace.)

If your anti-spyware removal program is closing before starting, you will have to download and run PepiMK's CoolWWWSearch.SmartKiller removal tool http://www.safer-networking.org/files/delcwssk.zip) first before running his program to remove CWS variants.

If you get an error in Windows stating that the "MSVBVM60.DLL missing," you'll need to get the updated runtime libraries for Microsoft Visual Basic 6 first. (http://download.microsoft.com/download/vb60pro/Redist/sp5/WIN98ME/EN-US/vbrun60sp5.exe)

Finally, here are a couple more links with information about CoolWebSearch:

Discussion within the Forums on Smartsearch.ws homepage hijacking (http://www.jimworld.com/apps/webmaster.forums/action::thread/thread::1073634404/forum::scumware/)

Scumware.com CWS Article http://www.scumware.com/apps/scumware.php/action::view_article/article_id::1075329940/topic::Scumware,-Spyware,-Adware-&-Malware-Applications/

Virus Information Center http://www3.ca.com/virusinfo/virus.aspx?ID=35839

Spyware Info CWS article http://www.spywareinfo.com/articles/cws/

Symantec Security Response http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/adware.smartsearch.html

Trend MicroSystems Virus Information http://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/virusencyclo/default5.asp?VName=TROJ_ZEROLIN.A&VSect=T

Comments (12)



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Summing It All Up
The opinions expressed here are purely those of the editor, John Cokos. All other small print clauses apply. Such as: Use at your own risk. Nothing in life is guaranteed. Let the buyer beware. A stitch in time gathers no moss.

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